Burning or pain when passing urine (dysuria) is one of the most common urinary symptoms in men and women. It is usually caused by an infection that is easy to treat, but it can sometimes point to another problem that needs a diagnosis.
Medically reviewed by Prof. Dr. Samir Ahmed Al-Samarrai, consultant urologist. Last reviewed:
Common causes
- Bladder and urinary tract infection, often with frequency and urgency.
- Urethritis, including sexually transmitted infections.
- Prostatitis in men, sometimes with pelvic or perineal pain.
- A stone in the lower ureter or bladder.
- Vaginal infections in women.
- Local irritation from scented soaps or cleansers.
Tests
- Urine test and culture to identify the bacteria and the right antibiotic.
- A urethral swab when needed.
- Ultrasound of the kidneys, bladder and prostate for repeated infections or in men.
Treatment and prevention
Treatment depends on the cause; an antibiotic is given after testing when there is a bacterial infection. Drinking enough water and not holding urine for long periods help reduce repeat infections. Recurrent infections need their cause investigated.
When to see a doctor
- You are a man with burning and signs of infection.
- There is blood in the urine or flank or back pain.
- Infections come back more than twice in six months.
- You are pregnant, diabetic or have weak immunity.
- Symptoms do not improve within two or three days.
When to call an ambulance
Call 998 or go to the nearest emergency department if: burning comes with high fever, shivering and flank pain, persistent vomiting, or you cannot pass urine at all.
Related topics
Frequently asked questions
Does burning urination always mean a urinary infection?
Infection is the most common cause, but burning can also come from urethritis, prostatitis, a stone near the bladder or local irritation, so a urine test before treatment is best.
Should I take an antibiotic without a test?
This is not advised. The right antibiotic depends on the urine test and culture, and random use increases bacterial resistance and delays diagnosis.
Why do men with a urinary infection need to be examined?
Urinary infections are less common in men and are often linked to a cause that needs assessment, such as the prostate, incomplete bladder emptying or stones.
Book an examination to find the cause
Prof. Al-Samarrai and Dr. Amer Mousa find the cause of urinary symptoms with the right examination and tests at Prof. Al-Samarrai Medical Center in Dubai Healthcare City.
This information is for health education and does not replace a medical examination. See our medical content policy.