The PSA test (prostate-specific antigen) is a blood test that measures a protein made by the prostate gland. It helps with early detection and follow-up of prostate cancer and the assessment of other prostate conditions.
Medically reviewed by Prof. Dr. Samir Ahmed Al-Samarrai, consultant urologist. Last reviewed:
Why the test is done
- Early detection of prostate cancer after discussion with the doctor.
- Assessing prostate symptoms such as difficulty urinating and frequent urination.
- Follow-up of prostate cancer after treatment.
Causes of a raised PSA
- Benign prostate enlargement.
- Prostatitis or urinary infection.
- Prostate cancer.
- Ejaculation or cycling shortly before the test.
- A recent urinary catheter or cystoscopy.
Some prostate medicines, such as finasteride and dutasteride, lower PSA by about half, so tell your doctor if you take them.
What happens after a raised result?
- Repeating the test after a while, or after treating any infection.
- A clinical prostate examination.
- Additional tests such as the free-to-total PSA ratio and PSA density.
- Prostate MRI before considering a biopsy.
- A prostate biopsy when needed to confirm the diagnosis.
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Frequently asked questions
What is a normal PSA level?
There is no single cut-off between normal and abnormal. A value of 4 ng/mL was long used as a guide, but the doctor interprets the result according to age, prostate size, medicines and previous results.
Does a high PSA mean prostate cancer?
No. PSA also rises with benign prostate enlargement, prostatitis, urinary infection, and after ejaculation or cycling. A raised PSA means further assessment is needed; it is not a diagnosis.
How should I prepare for a PSA test?
It is usually advised to avoid ejaculation and cycling for two days before the test, to postpone it until any urinary infection has been treated, and to tell the doctor about your medicines.
When should a man have a PSA test?
Testing is usually discussed with men from age 50, and from 45 for men with a family history of prostate cancer, after the doctor explains its benefits and limits.
Discuss your result with a doctor
Book a consultation with Prof. Al-Samarrai or Dr. Amer Mousa to review your result and plan the next step.
This information is for health education; results should be interpreted with your doctor. See our medical content policy.